by是一个雅思常考词汇，这个词的常用解释为prep. 被； 凭借； 经由； 由于ad. 在近旁； 经过，这个词在很多英文原版小说中怎么应用呢，今天小编就带您了解一下。
在威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆的《月亮和六便士》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- For a long time no critic has enjoyed in France a more incontestable authority, and it was impossible not to be impressed by the claims he made; they seemed extravagant; but later judgments have confirmed his estimate, and the reputation of Charles Strickland is now firmly established on the lines which he laid down.
-- I cannot agree with the painters who claim superciliously that the layman can understand nothing of painting, and that he can best show his appreciation of their works by silence and a cheque-book.
-- 芒聭麓"A Modern Artist: Notes on the Work of Charles Strickland," by Edward Leggatt, A.R.H.A.
在儒勒·凡尔纳的《神秘岛》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- The Mysterious Island by Jules Verne 1874 Part 1 - Dropped from the Clouds Chapter 1 "Are we rising again?"
-- Towns were overthrown, forests uprooted, coasts devastated by the mountains of water which were precipitated on them, vessels cast on the shore, which the published accounts numbered by hundreds, whole districts leveled by waterspouts which destroyed everything they passed over, several thousand people crushed on land or drowned at sea; such were the traces of its fury, left by this devastating tempest.
-- In fact, a balloon, as a ball might be carried on the summit of a waterspout, had been taken into the circling movement of a column of air and had traversed space at the rate of ninety miles an hour, turning round and round as if seized by some aerial maelstrom.
-- In a few hours the wind had changed from a hurricane to a fresh breeze, that is to say, the rate of the transit of the atmospheric layers was diminished by half.
-- It appeared as if it were, little by little, collapsing, and that its case was lengthening and extending, passing from a spherical to an oval form.
在查尔斯·狄更斯的《老古玩店》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- The glare and hurry of broad noon are not adapted to idle pursuits like mine; a glimpse of passing faces caught by the light of a street-lamp or a shop window is often better for my purpose than their full revelation in the daylight; and, if I must add the truth, night is kinder in this respect than day, which too often destroys an air-built castle at the moment of its completion, without the least ceremony or remorse.
-- Then, the crowds for ever passing and repassing on the bridges (on those which are free of toll at last), where many stop on fine evenings looking listlessly down upon the water with some vague idea that by and by it runs between green banks which grow wider and wider until at last it joins the broad vast sea where some halt to rest from heavy loads and think as they look over the parapet that to smoke and lounge away one's life, and lie sleeping in the sun upon a hot tarpaulin, in a dull, slow, sluggish barge, must be happiness unalloyed and where some, and a very different class, pause with heavier loads than they, remembering to have heard or read in old time that drowning was not a hard death, but of all means of suicide the easiest and best.
-- Covent Garden Market at sunrise too, in the spring or summer, when the fragrance of sweet flowers is in the air, over-powering even the unwholesome streams of last night's debauchery, and driving the dusky thrush, whose cage has hung outside a garret window all night long, half mad with joy!Poor bird!the only neighbouring thing at all akin to the other little captives, some of whom, shrinking from the hot hands of drunken purchasers, lie drooping on the path already, while others, soddened by close contact, await the time when they shall be watered and freshened up to please more sober company, and make old clerks who pass them on their road to business, wonder what has filled their breasts with visions of the country.
-- The story I am about to relate, and to which I shall recur at intervals, arose out of one of these rambles; and thus I have been led to speak of them by way of preface.
-- One night I had roamed into the City, and was walking slowly on in my usual way, musing upon a great many things, when I was arrested by an inquiry, the purport of which did not reach me, but which seemed to be addressed to myself, and was preferred in a soft sweet voice that struck me very pleasantly.
在列夫·托尔斯泰的《复活》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- THE AWAKENING (The Resurrection) by COUNT LEO TOLSTOY Author of "War and Peace," "The Kreutzer Sonata," "Anna Karenina," Etc.
-- Translated by William E. Smith [Illustration: COUNT LEO TOLSTOI.]
-- New York Street & Smith, Publishers 238 William Street Entered according to act of Congress in the year 1900 By Street & Smith In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D.C. "Then came Peter to Him, and said, Lord, how oft shall my brother sin against me, and I forgive him?
-- The joy of spring felt by animals and men did not penetrate the office of the county jail, but the one thing of supreme importance there was a document received the previous evening, with title, number and seal, which ordered the bringing into court for trial, this 28th day of April, at nine o'clock in the morning, three prisoners--two women and one man.
-- The fresh, vivifying air of the fields, carried to the city by the wind, filled even the court-yard of the jail.
在赫伯特·乔治·威尔斯的《时间机器》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- "Really this is what is meant by the Fourth Dimension, though some people who talk about the Fourth Dimension do not know they mean it.
-- That Space, as our mathematicians have it, is spoken of as having three dimensions, which one may call Length, Breadth, and Thickness, and is always definable by reference to three planes, each at right angles to the others.
-- You know how on a flat surface, which has only two dimensions, we can represent a figure of a three-dimensional solid, and similarly they think that by models of three dimensions they could represent one of four if they could master the perspective of the thing.
-- "You can show black is white by argument," said Filby, "but you will never convince me."
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在刘易斯·卡罗尔的《爱丽丝漫游镜中世界》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- For the white kitten had been having its face washed by the old cat for the last quarter of an hour (and bearing it pretty well, considering); so you see that it couldn't have had any hand in the mischief.
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