by是一个雅思常考词汇，这个词的常用解释为prep. 被； 凭借； 经由； 由于ad. 在近旁； 经过，这个词在很多英文原版小说中怎么应用呢，今天小编就带您了解一下。
在查尔斯·狄更斯的《圣诞颂歌》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the undertaker, and the chief mourner.
-- And even Scrooge was not so dreadfully cut up by the sad event, but that he was an excellent man of business on the very day of the funeral, and solemnised it with an undoubted bargain.
-- 'There are many things from which I might have derived good, by which I have not profited, I dare say,' returned the nephew.
-- But I am sure I have always thought of Christmas time, when it has come round apart from the veneration due to its sacred name and ori-gin, if anything belonging to it can be apart from that as a good time; a kind, forgiving, charitable, pleasant time: the only time I know of, in the long calendar of the year, when men and women seem by one consent to open their shut-up hearts freely, and to think of people below them as if they really were fellow-passengers to the grave, and not another race of creatures bound on other journeys.
-- 'Let me hear another sound from you,' said Scrooge, 'and you'll keep your Christmas by losing your situation!You're quite a powerful speaker, sir,' he added, turning to his neph-ew.
在查尔斯·狄更斯的《双城记》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- Mrs. South-cott had recently attained her five-and-twentieth blessed birthday, of whom a prophetic private in the Life Guards had heralded the sublime appearance by announcing that arrangements were made for the swallowing up of London and Westminster.
-- It is likely enough that, rooted in the woods of France and Norway, there were growing trees, when that sufferer was put to death, already marked by the Woodman, Fate, to come down and be sawn into boards, to make a certain movable framework with a sack and a knife in it, terrible in history.
-- It is likely enough that in the rough outhouses of some tillers of the heavy lands A tale of two citiesadjacent to Paris, there were sheltered from the weather that very day, rude carts, bespattered with rustic mire, snuffed about by pigs, and roosted in by poultry, which the Farmer, Death, had already set apart to be his tumbrils of the Revo-lution.
-- Daring bur-glaries by armed men, and highway robberies, took place in the capital itself every night; families were publicly cautioned not to go out of town without removing their furniture to upholsterers' warehouses for security; the highwayman in the dark was a City tradesman in the light, and, being recognised and challenged by his fellowtradesman whom he stopped in his character of 'the Captain,' gallantly shot him through the head and rode away; the mall was waylaid by seven robbers, and the guard shot three dead, and then got shot dead himself by the other four, 'in consequence of the failure of his ammunition:' after which the mall was robbed in peace; that magnificent potentate, the Lord May-or of London, was made to stand and deliver on Turnham Green, by one highwayman, who despoiled the illustrious creature in sight of all his retinue; prisoners in London gaols fought battles with their turnkeys, and the majesty of the law fired blunderbusses in among them, loaded with rounds of shot and ball; thieves snipped off diamond cross-es from the necks of noble lords at Court drawing-rooms; musketeers went into St. Giles's, to search for contraband goods, and the mob fired on the musketeers, and the mus-keteers fired on the mob, and nobody thought any of these occurrences much out of the common way.
-- In the midst of them, the hangman, ever busy and ever worse than useless, was in constant requisition; now, stringing up long rows of miscellaneous criminals; now, hanging a housebreaker on Saturday who had been taken on Tuesday; now, burn-ing people in the hand at Newgate by the dozen, and now burning pamphlets at the door of Westminster Hall; to-day, taking the life of an atrocious murderer, and to-morrow of a wretched pilferer who had robbed a farmer's boy of six-pence.
在汉斯·克里斯蒂安·安徒生的《安徒生童话》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- Accompanied by a select number of officers of the court, among whom were the two honest men who had already admired the cloth, he went to the crafty impostors, who, as soon as they were aware of the Emperor's approach, went on working more diligently than ever; although they still did not pass a single thread through the looms.
-- The lords of the bedchamber, who were to carry his Maj-esty's train felt about on the ground, as if they were lifting up the ends of the mantle; and pretended to be carrying something; for they would by no means betray anything like simplicity, or unfitness for their office.
-- It happened that where the Prince's father lay buried, there grew a rose tree a most beautiful rose tree, which blossomed only once in every five years, and even then bore only one flower, but that was a rose!It smelt so sweet that all cares and sorrows were forgotten by him who inhaled its fragrance.
-- He had a dirty little room close by the pigsty; and there he sat the whole day, and worked.
-- By the evening he had made a pretty little kitchen-pot.
在列夫·托尔斯泰的《安娜·卡列尼娜》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- Anna Karenina by Leo Tolstoy Part One Chapter 1 Happy families are all alike; every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.
-- Every person in the house felt that there was so sense in their living together, and that the stray people brought together by chance in any inn had more in common with one another than they, the members of the family and household of the Oblonskys.
-- And noticing a gleam of light peeping in beside one of the serge curtains, he cheerfully dropped his feet over the edge of the sofa, and felt about with them for his slippers, a present on his last birthday, worked for him by his wife on gold-colored morocco.
-- he kept repeating in despair, as he remembered the acutely painful sensations caused him by this quarrel.
-- He did not succeed in adapting his face to the position in which he was placed towards his wife by the discovery of his fault.
在儒勒·凡尔纳的《八十天环游地球》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- He was recommended by the Barings, with whom he had an open credit.
-- He often corrected, with a few clear words, the thousand conjectures advanced by members of the club as to lost and unheard-of travellers, pointing out the true probabilities, and seeming as if gifted with a sort of second sight, so often did events justify his predictions.
-- Those who were honoured by a better acquaintance with him than the rest, declared that nobody could pretend to have ever seen him anywhere else.
-- When he chose to take a walk it was with a regular step in the entrance hall with its mosaic flooring, or in the circular gallery with its dome supported by twenty red porphyry Ionic columns, and illumined by blue painted windows.
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