by是一个雅思常考词汇，这个词的常用解释为prep. 被； 凭借； 经由； 由于ad. 在近旁； 经过，这个词在很多英文原版小说中怎么应用呢，今天小编就带您了解一下。
在格林兄弟的《格林童话》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- Before the castle gate all was as the fox had said: so the son went in and found the chamber where the golden bird hung in a wooden cage, and below stood the golden cage, and the three golden apples that had been lost were lying close by it.
-- You must go straight on till you come to the castle where the horse stands in his stall: by his side will lie the groom fast asleep and snoring: take away the horse quietly, but be sure to put the old leathern saddle upon him, and not the golden one that is close by it.'
-- But the young man refused to do it: so the fox said, 'I will at any rate give you good coun-sel: beware of two things; ransom no one from the gallows, and sit down by the side of no river.'
在乔纳森•斯威夫特的《格列夫游记》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- By the advice of several worthy persons, to whom, with the author's permission, I communicated these papers, I now venture to send them into the world, hoping they may be, at least for some time, a better entertainment to our young noblemen, than the common scribbles of politics and party.
-- I hope you will be ready to own publicly, whenever you shall be called to it, that by your great and frequent urgency you prevailed on me to publish a very loose and uncorrect account of my travels, with directions to hire some young gentleman of either university to put them in order, and correct the style, as my cousin Dampier did, by my advice, in his book called 'A Voyage round the world.'
-- But you, or your interpolator, ought to have considered, that it was not my inclination, so was it not decent to praise any animal of our composition before my master Houyhnhnm: And besides, the fact was altogether false; for to my knowledge, being in England during some part of her majesty's reign, she did govern by a chief minis-ter; nay even by two successively, the first whereof was the lord of Godolphin, and the second the lord of Oxford; so that you have made me say the thing that was not.
-- Have not I the most reason to complain, when I see these very Yahoos carried by Houyhnhnms in a vehicle, as if they were brutes, and those the rational creatures?
-- I do, in the next place, complain of my own great want of judgment, in being prevailed upon by the entreaties and false reasoning of you and some others, very much against my own opinion, to suffer my travels to be published.
在查尔斯·狄更斯的《艰难时世》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- The scene was a plain, bare, monotonous vault of a school-room, and the speaker's square forefinger emphasized his observations by underscoring every sentence with a line on the schoolmaster's sleeve.
-- The emphasis was helped by the speaker's square wall of a forehead, which had his eyebrows for its base, while his eyes found commodious cellarage in two dark caves, overshadowed by the wall.
-- The emphasis was helped by the speaker's mouth, which was wide, thin, and hard set.
-- The emphasis was helped by the speaker's voice, which was inflexible, dry, and dictatorial.
-- The emphasis was helped by the speaker's hair, which bristled on the skirts of his bald head, a plantation of firs to keep the wind from its shining surface, all covered with knobs, like the crust of a plum pie, as if the head had scarcely warehouse-room for the hard facts stored inside.
在儒勒·凡尔纳的《地心游记》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- A JOURNEY TO THE CENTRE OF THE EARTH By Jules Verne TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 MY UNCLE MAKES A GREAT DISCOVERY CHAPTER 2 THE MYSTERIOUS PARCHMENT CHAPTER 3 AN ASTOUNDING DISCOVERY CHAPTER 4 WE START ON THE JOURNEY CHAPTER 5 FIRST LESSONS IN CLIMBING CHAPTER 6 OUR VOYAGE TO ICELAND CHAPTER 7 CONVERSATION AND DISCOVERY CHAPTER 8 THE EIDER-DOWN HUNTER--OFF AT LAST CHAPTER 9 OUR START--WE MEET WITH ADVENTURES BY THE WAY CHAPTER 10 TRAVELING IN ICELAND CHAPTER 11 WE REACH MOUNT SNEFFELS--THE "REYKIR" CHAPTER 12 THE ASCENT OF MOUNT SNEFFELS CHAPTER 13 THE SHADOW OF SCARTARIS CHAPTER 14 THE REAL JOURNEY COMMENCES CHAPTER 15 WE CONTINUE OUR DESCENT CHAPTER 16 THE EASTERN TUNNEL CHAPTER 17 DEEPER AND DEEPER--THE COAL MINE CHAPTER 18 THE WRONG ROAD!
-- Now Professor Hardwigg, my worthy uncle, is by no means a bad sort of man; he is, however, choleric and original.
-- To tell the honest truth, when the right word would not come, it was generally replaced by a very powerful adjective.
-- I was bound to him by the double ties of affection and interest.
-- My uncle Hardwigg was once known to classify six hundred different geological specimens by their weight, hardness, fusibility, sound, taste, and smell.
在戴维·赫伯特·劳伦斯的《查太莱夫人的情人》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- The two girls, therefore, were from an early age not the least daunted by either art or ideal politics.
-- Both Hilda and Constance had had their tentative love-affairs by the time they were eighteen.
-- Both sisters had had their love experience by the time the war came, and they were hurried home.
-- The amazing, the profound, the unbelievable thrill there was in passionately talking to some really clever young man by the hour, resuming day after day for months...this they had never realized till it happened!
-- And they were cut off from their own class by the brooding, obstinate, shut-up nature of Sir Geoffrey, their father, whom they ridiculed, but whom they were so sensitive about.
在查尔斯·狄更斯的《小杜丽》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- Strangers were stared out of countenance by staring white houses, staring white walls, staring white streets, staring tracts of arid road, staring hills from which verdure was burnt away.
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