by是一个雅思常考词汇，这个词的常用解释为prep. 被； 凭借； 经由； 由于ad. 在近旁； 经过，这个词在很多英文原版小说中怎么应用呢，今天小编就带您了解一下。
在儒勒·凡尔纳的《八十天环游地球》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- When he breakfasted or dined all the resources of the club its kitchens and pantries, its buttery and dairy aided to crowd his table with their most succulent stores; he was served by the gravest waiters, in dress coats, and shoes with swan-skin soles, who proffered the viands in special porcelain, and on the finest linen; club decanters, of a lost mould, contained his sherry, his port, and his cinnamon-spiced claret; while his beverages were refreshingly cooled with ice, brought at great cost from the American lakes.
在辛克莱·刘易斯的《阿罗史密斯》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- She cooked the supper, she put the children to bed, and sat by the fire, alone.
-- By sheer brass and obstinacy he had, at fourteen, become the unofficial, also decidedly unpaid, assistant to the Doc, and while the Doc was on a country call he took charge--though what there was to take charge of, no one could ever make out.
-- It is not certain that, in attaching himself to Doc Vickerson, Martin was entirely and edifyingly controlled by a desire to become a Great Healer.
-- He did awe his Gang by bandaging stone-bruises, dissecting squirrels, and explaining the astounding and secret matters to be discovered at the back of the physiology, but he was not completely free from an ambition to command such glory among them as was enjoyed by the son of the Episcopalian minister, who could smoke an entire cigar without becoming sick.
-- It was the central room of the three occupied by Doc Vickerson, facing on Main Street above the New York Clothing Bazaar.
在费奥多尔·陀思妥耶夫斯基的《罪与罚》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- This story was published by the poet Nekrassov in his review and was received with acclamations.
-- Though neither by temperament nor conviction a revolu-tionist, Dostoevsky was one of a little group of young men who met together to read Fourier and Proudhon.
-- Writing to his brother Mihail, Dostoevsky says: 'They snapped words over our heads, and they made us put on the white shirts worn by persons condemned to death.
-- He started a journal 'Vremya,' which was forbidden by the Censorship through a misunderstanding.
-- He was weighed down by debt, his brother's family was depen-dent on him, he was forced to write at heart-breaking speed, and is said never to have corrected his work.
在查尔斯·狄更斯的《大卫科波菲尔》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- 9CHAPTER II Am BornWHETHER I shall turn out to be the hero of my own life, orwhether that station will be held by anybody else, these pagesmust show.
-- In consideration of the day and hour of my birth, it was declaredby the nurse, and by some sage women in the neighbourhood whohad taken a lively interest in me several months before there wasany possibility of our becoming personally acquainted, first, that Iwas destined to be unlucky in life; and secondly, that I wasprivileged to see ghosts and spirits; both these gifts inevitablyattaching, as they believed, to all unlucky infants of either gender,born towards the small hours on a Friday night.
-- I need say nothing here on the first head, because nothing canshow better than my history whether that prediction was verifiedor falsified by the result.
-- The caul was won, I recollect, by an oldlady with a hand-basket, who, very reluctantly, produced from itthe stipulated five shillings, all in halfpence, and twopencehalfpenny short- as it took an immense time and a great waste of 10arithmetic, to endeavour without any effect to prove to her.
-- These evidences of an incompatibility of temper induced MissBetsey to pay him off, and effect a separation by mutual consent.
在简·奥斯汀的《爱玛》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- Emma By Jane AustenPublished by Planet eBook.
-- Her mother had died too long ago for her to have more than an indistinct remembrance of her caresses; and her place had been supplied by an excellent woman as gov-erness, who had fallen little short of a mother in affection.
-- Even before Miss Taylor had ceased to hold the nominal office of governess, the mild-ness of her temper had hardly allowed her to impose any restraint; and the shadow of authority being now long passed away, they had been living together as friend and friend very mutually attached, and Emma doing just what she liked; highly esteeming Miss Taylor's judgment, but di-rected chiefly by her own.
-- The danger, however, was at present so unperceived, that they did not by any means rank as misfortunes with her.
-- The evil of the actual disparity in their ages (and Mr. Woodhouse had not married early) was much increased by his constitution and habits; for having been a valetudi-narian all his life, without activity of mind or body, he was a much older man in ways than in years; and though ev-erywhere beloved for the friendliness of his heart and his amiable temper, his talents could not have recommended him at any time.
在托马斯·哈代的《远离尘嚣》里，有这样的句子出现：
-- Far from the Madding CrowdPREFACEIn reprinting this story for a new edition I am reminded that it was in the chapters of "Far from the Madding Crowd," as they appeared month by month in a popular magazine, that I first ventured to adopt the word "Wessex" from the pages of early English history, and give it a fictitious significance as the existing name of the district once included in that extinct kingdom.
-- Since then the appellation which I had thought to reserve to the horizons and landscapes of a merely realistic dream-country, has become more and more popular as a practical definition; and the dream-country has, by degrees, solidified into a utilitarian region which people can go to, take a house in, and write to the papers from.
-- Moreover, the village called Weatherbury, wherein the scenes of the present story of the series are for the most part laid, would perhaps be hardly discernible by the explorer, without help, in any existing place nowadays; though at the time, comparatively recent, at which the tale was written, a sufficient reality to meet the descriptions, both of backgrounds and personages, might have been traced easily enough.
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