AP微观经济学考试各部分占的比重

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I. Basic Economic Concepts . . . . . . . . . (8–14%)

A. Scarcity, choice, and opportunity cost

B. Production possibilities curve

C. Comparative advantage, absolute advantage, specialization, and trade

D. Circulate Flow Diagram

E. Resources and advantages

F. Opportunity cost (curve and point)

G. Economy systems (social and command)

II. The Nature and Functions of Product Markets . . . (55–70%)

A. Supply and demand (15–20%)

1. Market equilibrium

2. Determinants of supply and demand (the change of supply and demand)

3. Price controls (price floor and ceiling)

4. Elasticity

a. Price, income, and cross-price elasticity of demand

b. types of products

c. Price elasticity of supply

5. Tax incidence

B. Theory of consumer choice (5–10%)

1. Total utility and marginal utility, law of diminishing marginal utilities(DMU)

2. Utility maximization: equalizing marginal utility per dollar

3. Individual and market demand curves

4. Income and substitution effects

5. Consumer surplus, producer surplus, and market efficiency

C. Production and costs (10–15%)

1. Production functions: short and long run

2. Marginal product and diminishing returns

3. Short-run costs Verse Long-run costs

4. Economies of scale

5. Cost minimizing input combination(as factor market)

D. Firm behavior and market structure (25–35%)

1. Profit:

a. Accounting versus economic profits

b. Normal profit

c. Profit maximization: MR=MC rule

2. Perfect competition

a. Profit maximization

b. Short-run supply and shutdown decision

c. Behavior of firms and markets in the short run and in the long run

d. Efficiency and perfect competition

3. Monopoly

a. Sources of market power

b. Profit maximization

c. Inefficiency of monopoly

d. Price discrimination

e. Deadweight loss (will be cover in monopolist market)

f. Natural monopoly

4. Oligopoly

a. Interdependence, collusion, and cartels

b. Game theory and strategic behavior

5. Monopolistic competition

a. Product differentiation and role of advertising

b. The monopolistic and competitive features

c. Short-run and long-run equilibrium

d. Excess capacity and inefficiency

III. Factor Markets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (10–18%)

A. Derived factor demand

B. Marginal revenue product (formula)

C. Combination of products to achieve maximum profit and minimum profit

D. Wage decision for competition and monopolistic markets

IV. Market Failure and the Role of Government . . . . . . . (12–18%)

A. Externalities

1. Marginal social benefit and marginal social cost

2. Positive externalities

3. Negative externalities

4. Remedies in Graph.

B. Public goods

1. Public versus private goods

2. Quasi-public goods

3. Provision of public goods

C. Market Failure

1. Reasons

2. Public policy to promote completion: Antitrust policy, Regulation

D. Income distribution

1. Lorenz curve

2. Initiator for income inequality

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