摘要：2015年5月15日AP人文地理学马上就要开考啦，下面整理的是AP Human Geography考纲及重点，希望对大家有所帮助。
2015年AP人文地理学都考些什么内容？下面小马过河整理了AP Human Geography考纲及重点，供大家参考，小马过河祝大家都能取得优异成绩。
AP Human Geography考纲内容：
General Geography:
US road map is not a thematic map
Every meridian is the same length and has the same beginning and end
According to environmental determinism, the physical environment causes social development
Highest density: most in numbers
Highest concentration: closest together
Cloropleth map uses shading
Five Themes of Geography:
Location:
Relative location
Absolute location
Place:
Human Characteristics
Physical Characteristics
Human-Environmental Interaction:
Humans adapt to the environment
Humans modify the environment
Humans depend on the environment
Movement
People
Goods
Ideas
Regions
Formal (uniform)
Functional (nodal)
Vernacular (perceptual)
AP Human Geography考纲Culture:
Customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a group of people in tradition
Hearth:
Where an idea originates
Acculturation:
The spread of cultural traits from one society to another
Globalization of Culture:
Globalization due to interchanging beliefs and customs
Globalization of Economy:
Globalization due to business
Reference Maps:
Regular maps showing cities, boundaries, mountains, or roads
Thematic Maps:
Maps highlighting a particular feature or a single variable such as temperature, city, size, or acreage in potatoes (Gives extra information)
Isoline Maps:
Show lines that connect points of equal value
Isolines are on topographic maps
Choropleth Maps:
Show the level of some variable within predefined regions, such as counties, states, or countries
AP Human Geography考纲Dot Maps:
Use a dot to represent the occurrence of some phenomenon in order to depict variation in density in a given area
Cartograms:
Maps that have distorted population
Resolution:
The amount of details or depth of a map
Scale:
Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole, specifically the relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface
The three main types of scales are ratio (fraction) scales, bar scales, and written scales
Small Scale:
Depicts a large area (such as the state of Arizona) but with less detail
Large Scale:
Depicts a small area (such as downtown Phoenix) with great detail
Cartography:
The science of making maps
Projection:
The system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map
The most common type is the Robinson Projection
However, maps depicting the entire world can distort shape, distance, relative size, and direction
Toponym:
The name given to a portion of Earth’s surface
Has to be a natural feature
Site:
The physical character of a place
AP Human Geography考纲Situation:
The location of a place relative to other places (relative location)
Meridian:
An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles (longitude)
The two main meridians are the Prime Meridian and the International Date Line
Parallel:
A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians (latitude)
Time Zones:
There are four major time zones in the United States (Eastern, Central, Mountain, and Pacific). The time zones are based on Greenwich, England because at the time England was the most powerful country. There is a new time zone ever 15 degrees longitude. One degree longitude is 69 miles, so there is a new time zone every 1,035 miles. If you go east you go forwards in time. If you go west you go back in time.
Greenwich Mean Time:
The time in that time zone encompassing the prime meridian, or zero degrees longitude.
International Date Line:
An arc that for the most part follows 180 degrees longitude, although it deviates in several places to avoid dividing land areas. When you cross the International Date Line heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When you go west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.
Spatial Association:
The distribution of one phenomenon that is related to another phenomenon. (The reason two things are placed where they are – if they’re related they will probably be close)
Spatial Distribution:
The arrangement of phenomenon across the Earth’s surface
Environmental Determinism:
A nineteenth- and early twentieth- century approach to the study of geography that argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences. Geography was therefore the study of how the physical environment caused human activities. (States the physical terrain of the world dictates how the humans survive).
Possibilism:
The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives. (States people can overcome the physical problems/features – humans conquer land instead of land conquering humans).
Distribution:
The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface
Density:
The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area. Density does not tell you where something is, just strictly numbers
Arithmetic Density:
The total number of people divided by the total land area
Physiological Density:
The total number of people divided by all arable land (farmland)
Agricultural Density:
The total number of farmers (and family) divided by all arable land
Concentration:
The spread of something over a given area
Concentration tells you where something is
Can be clustered or dispersed
Pattern:
The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a study area
Diffusion:
The spreading of a feature or trend from one place to another over time
Relocation Diffusion:
The spread of a feature or trend through physical movement of people from one place to another. Does not have to grow in numbers. AIDS is an example of relocation diffusion.
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