AP生物单词—细胞

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　　AP生物单词——细胞，看图记单词，效果非凡

　　The Cell 细胞(上)

　　prokaryote 原核生物

　　eukaryote 真核生物

　　cell membrane 细胞膜

　　phospholipid bilayer 磷脂双分子层

　　fluid mosaic model (生物膜的)流动镶嵌模型

　　diffusion 扩散

　　osmosis 渗透

　　active transport 主动运输

　　exocytosis 胞吐

　　endocytosis 胞吞

　　organelle 细胞器

　　chloroplast 叶绿体

　　mitochondria 线粒体

　　lysosome 溶酶体

　　ribosome 核糖体

　　cytoskeleton 细胞骨架

　　Cellular respiration 细胞呼吸

　　Includes both aerobic and anaerobic processes

　　Fermentation 发酵，无氧呼吸

　　A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.

　　Glycolysis 糖酵解

　　Carbohydrate metabolism whereby glucose is converted into pyruvate. Aerobic - pyruvate. Anaerobic - lactic acid/ethanol

　　Chemiosmosis 化学渗透

　　In chloroplasts and mitochondria, a process in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP.

　　Citric acid (kreb’s) cycle 三羧酸循环

　　Convert 3-C pyruvate to acetyl~CoA. The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It contains 3 enzymes that utilize 5 vitamin-derived cofactors: FAD (riboflavin), NAD+ (niacin)

　　thiamine pyrophosphate (thiamine), lipoic acid, Coenzyme A (pantothenic acid)

　　Oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化

　　The flow of electrons from NADH to FADH2 to O2 via the ETC and the phosphorylation of ADP to yield ATP make up.

　　Electron transport chain 电子传递链

　　A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons down a series of reactions that release energy used to make 34 ATPs.

　　Lactic acid 乳酸

　　Lactic acid is a poison and is harmful if allowed to accumulate

　　Photosynthesis 光合作用

　　The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in glucose or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes.

　　Autotrophy 自养生物

　　Organism that forms it own food molecules (carbon compounds) from abiotic material, or nonliving factors like the sun, minerals, etc.

　　Heterotrophy 异养生物

　　An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent upon complex organic substances for nutrition.

　　Light reaction 光反应

　　Light energy is converted to chemical energy, which is temporarily stored as ATP.

　　Calvin cycle (dark reaction) 暗反应

　　ATP and CO2 are used to create the necessary organic compounds- glucose- contains carbon.

　　Thylakoid 类囊体

　　A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy.

　　Stroma 叶绿体基质

　　The dense fluid within the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane and containing ribosomes and DNA; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.

　　Carbon fixation 固碳(合成糖)的反应

　　The enrgy of ATP and NADPH is used in the formation of organic molecules from CO2.

　　以上整理的就是AP生物单词—细胞，希望对考生们有帮助。建议大家加入小马AP考试微信群或QQ群，及时了解最新考试动态，进群就免费送历年AP真题、机经、备考资料大全！关于本文有任何疑问，请和小马在线专家联系。

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