摘要：AP生物单词细胞，看图记单词，效果非凡 The Cell 细胞(上) prokaryote 原核生物 eukaryote 真核生物 cell membrane 细胞膜 phospholipid bilayer 磷脂双分子层 fluid mosaic model (生物膜的)流动镶嵌模型 diffusion 扩散 osmosis 渗透 active transport 主动运输 exocytosis 胞吐 endocytosis 胞吞 organelle 细胞器 chloroplast 叶绿体 mitochondria 线粒体 lysosome 溶酶体 ribosome 核糖体 cytoskelet
AP生物单词——细胞，看图记单词，效果非凡
The Cell 细胞(上)
prokaryote 原核生物
eukaryote 真核生物
cell membrane 细胞膜
phospholipid bilayer 磷脂双分子层
fluid mosaic model (生物膜的)流动镶嵌模型
diffusion 扩散
osmosis 渗透
active transport 主动运输
exocytosis 胞吐
endocytosis 胞吞
organelle 细胞器
chloroplast 叶绿体
mitochondria 线粒体
lysosome 溶酶体
ribosome 核糖体
cytoskeleton 细胞骨架
Cellular respiration 细胞呼吸
Includes both aerobic and anaerobic processes
Fermentation 发酵，无氧呼吸
A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product, such as ethyl alcohol or lactic acid.
Glycolysis 糖酵解
Carbohydrate metabolism whereby glucose is converted into pyruvate. Aerobic - pyruvate. Anaerobic - lactic acid/ethanol
Chemiosmosis 化学渗透
In chloroplasts and mitochondria, a process in which the movement of protons down their concentration gradient across a membrane is coupled to the synthesis of ATP.
Citric acid (kreb’s) cycle 三羧酸循环
Convert 3-C pyruvate to acetyl~CoA. The oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate is catalyzed by the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. It contains 3 enzymes that utilize 5 vitamin-derived cofactors: FAD (riboflavin), NAD+ (niacin)
thiamine pyrophosphate (thiamine), lipoic acid, Coenzyme A (pantothenic acid)
Oxidative phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化
The flow of electrons from NADH to FADH2 to O2 via the ETC and the phosphorylation of ADP to yield ATP make up.
Electron transport chain 电子传递链
A sequence of electron carrier molecules (membrane proteins) that shuttle electrons down a series of reactions that release energy used to make 34 ATPs.
Lactic acid 乳酸
Lactic acid is a poison and is harmful if allowed to accumulate
Photosynthesis 光合作用
The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in glucose or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes.
Autotrophy 自养生物
Organism that forms it own food molecules (carbon compounds) from abiotic material, or nonliving factors like the sun, minerals, etc.
Heterotrophy 异养生物
An organism that cannot synthesize its own food and is dependent upon complex organic substances for nutrition.
Light reaction 光反应
Light energy is converted to chemical energy, which is temporarily stored as ATP.
Calvin cycle (dark reaction) 暗反应
ATP and CO2 are used to create the necessary organic compounds- glucose- contains carbon.
Thylakoid 类囊体
A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy.
Stroma 叶绿体基质
The dense fluid within the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane and containing ribosomes and DNA; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water.
Carbon fixation 固碳(合成糖)的反应
The enrgy of ATP and NADPH is used in the formation of organic molecules from CO2.
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