摘要：Revision: Anaerobic Respiration Glycolysis glucose molecule 2 molecules of ATP (4 created-2 used) 2 molecules of NAD+ reduced to 2NAD +2H+ (transferred to electron transport system). 2 molecules of pyruvate 2x3carbons (they enter Link Reaction) Link Reaction Pyruvate Oxidation Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria. Pyruvate combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A. In the process a molecule of CO2 and 2H are removed. The hydrogen atoms a
Revision: Anaerobic Respiration
Glycolysis glucose molecule
2 molecules of ATP (4 created-2 used)
2 molecules of NAD+ reduced to 2NAD +2H+ (transferred to electron transport system).
2 molecules of pyruvate 2x3carbons (they enter Link Reaction)
Link Reaction Pyruvate Oxidation
Occurs in the matrix of mitochondria.
Pyruvate combines with coenzyme A to form acetyl coenzyme A.
In the process a molecule of CO2 and 2H are removed.
The hydrogen atoms are transferred to the Electron Transport System.
The 2C acetyl coenzyme A disassociates forming coenzyme A acetate which enters the Krebs cycle.
Krebs cycle
Acetyl coenzyme A from Link Reaction is used to make:
3 molecules of NAD+ reduced to NADH + H+
1 molecule of FAD reduced to FADH2
2 molecules of CO2
1 molecule of ATP by phosphorylation
Oxaloacetate is regenerated to start cycle again.
The most important part of the Krebs cycle is the release of hydrogen ions to be used in the Electron Transport System for generation of ATP.
Electron Transport System
Occurs on the inner membrane of mitochondrion
Converts energy in form of hydrogen to ATP.
The hydrogen ions received from the Krebs Cycle are attached to hydrogen carriers (NAD and FAD) which are reduced.
As reduced NAD and FAD are passed along the electron transport chain, the hydrogens are removed and the hydrogen atoms split into:
Hydrogen ion H+ (proton)
Electron e-
At the end of the system the hydrogen ions and electrons recombine and are then used to reduce oxygen to form water.
The formation of ATP through the oxidation of hydrogen atoms is called Oxidative Phosphorylation.
2 molecules of ATP are produced from each FADH2 molecule
3 molecules of ATP are produced from each NADH + H+ molecule
A-level课程优势：
· 课程体系：全程服务，20-32小时集训拔高，80小时自主学习与督导指点我们陪你每一分钟
· 课程资料：1）CIE、Edexcel官方教材；2）独家考前押题秘籍；3）2015-2017年考试真题模考精讲；
· 无忧备考：名师授课+作业批改与点评+ 期中、期末模考精讲+24小时答疑+一直到考前也会进行的伴读计划
· 明星师资：授课老师均毕业于美国TOP30名校和国内985名校，IELTS考分8+，同时教授过至少3000个小时的课程
· 教学方法：超过同类机构两倍的刷题量、考前预测各个击破讲练并进，问答结合，真正掌握每一个知识点
针对2018年的A-level考试，开设“A-level基础课程、强化课程、冲刺课程”。想快速提分的同学可以在线咨询客服，了解课程详情，预约名师1V1试听课；为你量身打造专属A-level学习方案；免费领取A-level考试学习资料/视频课件/直播公开课！