摘要：Revision: Britain (1815-1841) Prime Ministers William Pitt: 1783-1801, 1804-1806 Henry Addington: 1801-04 Lord Grenville: 1806-1807 Duke of Portland: 1807-1809 Spencer Perceval: 1809-1812 Lord Liverpool: 1812-1827 George Canning: 1827 Viscount Goderich: 1827-28 Duke of Wellington: 1828-1830 Earl Grey: 1830-1834 Lord Melbourne: 1834, 1835-1841 Sir Robert Peel: 1834-1835, 1841-1846 Chartists Thomas Attwood William Benbow George Binns John Cleave Th
Revision: Britain (1815-1841)
Prime Ministers
William Pitt: 1783-1801, 1804-1806
Henry Addington: 1801-04
Lord Grenville: 1806-1807
Duke of Portland: 1807-1809
Spencer Perceval: 1809-1812
Lord Liverpool: 1812-1827
George Canning: 1827
Viscount Goderich: 1827-28
Duke of Wellington: 1828-1830
Earl Grey: 1830-1834
Lord Melbourne: 1834, 1835-1841
Sir Robert Peel: 1834-1835, 1841-1846
Chartists
Thomas Attwood
William Benbow
George Binns
John Cleave
Thomas Cooper
William Cuffay
Thomas Duncombe
Mary Fildes
John Frost
R. G. Gammage
George Julian Harney
Henry Hetherington
Thomas Hughes
George Holyoake
Ernest Jones
Anne Knight
Charles Kingsley
William Lovett
Frederick Denison Maurice
John Stuart Mill
Richard Oastler
James Bronterre O'Brien
Feargus O'Connor
Elizabeth Pease
Francis Place
Jane Smeal
Samuel Smiles
Joseph Rayner Stephens
Henry Vincent
Thomas Wakley
1793: Catholic Emancipation
In the 18th century attempts were made to obtain full political and civil liberties to British and Irish Roman Catholics. In Ireland, where the majority of the population were Catholics, the Relief Act of 1793 gave them the right to vote in elections, but not to sit in Parliament.
In England the leading campaigners for Catholic emancipation were the Radical members of the House of Commons, Sir Francis Burdett and Joseph Hume.
By the beginning of the 19th century, William Pitt, the leader of Tories, became converted to the idea of Catholic emancipation. Pitt and his Irish Secretary, Lord Castlereagh, promised the Irish Parliament that Catholics would have equality with Protestants when it agreed to the Act of Union in 1801. When King George III refused to accept the idea of religious equality, Pitt and Castlereagh resigned from office.
In 1823 Daniel O'Connell founded the Catholic Association to campaign for the removal of discrimination against Catholics. In 1828 he was elected as M.P. for County Clare but as a Catholic he was not allowed to take his seat in the House of Commons. To avoid the risk of an uprising in Ireland, the British Parliament passed the Roman Catholic Relief Act in 1829, which granted Catholic emancipation and enabled O'Connell to take his seat.
1811-1812: The Luddites
In the early months of 1811 the first threatening letters from General Ned Ludd and the Army of Redressers, were sent to employers in Nottingham. Workers upset by wage reductions and the use of unapprenticed workmen began to break into factories at night to destroy the new machines that the employers were using. In a three-week period over two hundred stocking frames were destroyed. In March, 1811, several attacks were taking place every night and the Nottingham authorities had to enroll four hundred special constables to protect the factories. To help catch the culprits, the Prince Regent offered £50 to anyone "giving information on any person or persons wickedly breaking the frames".
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